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Biology, also known as the biological sciences, the scientific study of life. Biology studies the structure and function of growth, the origins, development and distribution of live creatures. It classifies and describes organisms, their functions, how species arise, and the interactions they have with each other and with the natural environment. Four unifying principles form the bedrock of modern biology: cell theory, evolution, genetics and homeostasis.

Biology as a separate science was developed in the nineteenth century, as scientists discovered that organisms shared fundamental characteristics. Biology is now a standard topic of instruction in schools and universities across the world, and more than one million documents are published annually in a wide range of biology and medicine journals.

Most biological sciences are specialized disciplines. Traditionally, they are grouped by type of organism to be studied: botany, the study of plants; zoology, the study of animals, and microbiology, the study of micro-organisms. The fields in biology are also divided on the basis of the scale of organisms studied and the methods used to study them, biochemistry, the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies of the complex interactions of biological molecules System ; cellular biology examines the fundamental building Blocking all life, the cell; physiology studies the physical and chemical features of the tissue and organ of an organism; ecology and examines how various organisms and their environment interrelate.



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